The Ion Beam Techniques have opened a new window to study crystal structures and imperfections of crystals. In this paper, we try to briefly describe concepts and applications of RES-Channeling to determine crystal parameters and disorders. Some experimental results of the analysis of semiconductor materials are presented in this paper, which has been obtained by means of RES-Channeling technique.

Due to the vital role of back channels in mutual understanding and their use in many aspects of language learning, the present study investigated the attitudes toward back-channeling in Iranian EFL online versus regular classes. The study was quasi-experimental in design, with interviews and recording of course sessions by ZDF Soft Screen Recorder and the voice Memos application in both classes to measure the duration of silence, TTT (Teacher Talk Time), STT (Student Talk Time), BC (Back Channels), and other activities such as TCS (Teachers' Code-Switching), SCS (Students’ Code-Witching), S (the time passed in silence). In doing so, two online classes included 30, two regular ones included 27, and four English teachers of the participants were randomly selected from the Kanoon Language Institute in Isfahan, Iran, to take part in the study. Learners received four and a half hours of instruction per week within the course period. In the next step, all the data gathered was analyzed and statistically addressed by using, IBM SPSS Statistics (Version 26) software. The results revealed back channels had positive effects on learners in both classes. Besides, teachers and learners had positive attitudes toward using back channels, however, in online classes, learners were more willing to use back channels. The findings of this study could be fruitful for improvement with well-designed materials and explicitly teaching back channels, which can provide opportunities for learners to express their emotions, and ideas, and enhance their strengths.

Nowadays, news as the most important product of mass media plays a key role in establishing and circulating policies. Enjoying the bonus of media and the world's most influential news broadcasting stations, the advanced western communities make the best use of news in shaping the public opinions and influencing their thoughts. Despite their claims of being objective, these countries, in the process of broadcasting news, 'engineer' an atmosphere against those countries that follow policies different from those of them, and consequently, present an unreal, misleading, and distorted image of these countries' developments and stories to the audience. Our country, Iran, is also among the victims. After the Islamic Revolution, our country, due to its anti–imperialistic nature, has permanently been exposed to the western media's negative image-making.The present article, first, has addressed the techniques and skills of engineering news, then has explained and analyzed the western media's negative image-making of our country, and finally, it has put forward some strategies to counter the plot against our country.

In the present paper, the dechanneling and the energy loss of protons at the energy interval of 1400 to 2200 keV along the {100} and the {110} planar directions of Si were studied by the simulation of the measured channeling Rutherford back-scattering spectra based on the exponential dechanneling function with a parameter λ. This parameter is proportional to the dechanneling rate and represents the mean distance that ions travel along the channel before escaping from the channel. The Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm was used to set the best values of the channeling to random energy loss ratio, and the mean channeling distance. The experimental results are well reproduced by this simulation. The data analyzed in this energy range did not show any particular trend with regard to energy dependence of the parameters. The differences between both the planar channels in the Si crystal and their influence on the energy loss ratio and dechanneling of proton ions are described.

PDMS derivatives have been extensively used as coating in controlled drug delivery systems in pharmaceutical area. The major advantages of these materials are facilitation of adjustment of desired drug release patterns, improvement of film formation and storage stability. In this study PDMS-based coating systems were designed and applied to acetaminophen tablets and their release was investigated from the PDMS-coated tablet dosage form as a drug model. Thus, a water emulsion of PDMS containing tetraethoxysilane as cross-linking agent and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as channeling agent was prepared. Then, a uniform smooth thin coating of PDMS was applied on acetaminophen tablets and in vitro acetaminophen release from PDMS-coated tablets was carried out with a homemade setup. The morphology of the coated surfaces was studied by SEM technique. The effect of PVP on the mechanical properties of PDMS film was investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis. It was found that, PVP increased the mechanical properties of PDMS. Compounding of polyethylene glycol (PEG) with PVP (1:1) as channeling agents was also studied and compared with PVPs-containing samples. Despite more channeling agent content in PEG–PVP samples, the drug release percentage was decreased.

Fenitrothion (C9H12NO5PS) and butachlor (CI7H26CINO2) are widely used in agricultural fields as pesticides. Liquid liquid extraction (L.L.E) with dichloromethane ,liquid liquid microextraction and Cl8 solid phase extraction (SPE) techniques are used for extractin of liquid samples.The samples are analyzed by GC/MS-EI ,GC/MS-CI and selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode for quantization. The limit of detection (LOD) is 10 ng/l with sim mode at m/z 125 fenitrothion and 15 ng/l at m/z 176 butachlor .The relative standard deviation for fenitrothion and butachlor is 3.5 and 8.5 % respectively (n=5).The concentration of fenitrothion and butachlor in September was higher compared to December and April 2001.

A hybrid positron source based on the channeling radiation (CR) of relativistic electrons on different planes and axes of Si, C, Ge, and W crystals is investigated. We have calculated CR spectra from different planes and axes of Si, C, Ge and the W crystal using the Doyle– Turner approximation for the continuum potentials of crystallographic planes and axes. The dependence of CR on the incidence angle of electrons is also investigated. CR is then impinging on an amorphous tungsten target producing positrons by e +--e pair creation. The simulations are made with our developed Mathematica codes, which calculate the photon CR in the crystal target and GEANT4 code which calculates the materialization of photons into e +--e pairs in the amorphous W target. The results of this work are in good agreement with other results.